1. A railway system consists of three essential elements. The first is the infrastructure with the track work, the signaling equipment, the stations and on electrified lines the catenary or third system with power supply. Second, there is the rolling stock with cars and locomotives.
铁路系统由三个基本要素组成。首先是轨道作业的基础设施，包括信号设备、车站和电气化线路上的接触网或者第三轨供电系统。其次是包括车厢和机车的轨道车辆。
2. For operational purposes track are divided into main track and sidings. Main tracks are all tracks, which can be used for regular train movements.
为了使铁路系统正常运行，轨道分为正线和配线。正线是列车正常运行所使用的所有轨道。
3. A turnout is an assembly of rails, movable points and a frog. The points may be operated manually or by a point machine.
道岔是铁轨、可移动尖轨和辙叉的集合。可以通过手动或者转辙机的方式操纵道岔。
4. Movements on a turnout where the points face approaching traffic are called “facing point movements” where the frog faces approaching traffic are called “trailing point movements”.
列车经过道岔时，尖轨迎着来车称为“逆向过岔”，辙叉迎着来车则称为“顺向过岔”。
5. The limit of occupation of the converging tracks is called “the fouling point limit”. Many railways mark this limit with a trackside fouling point indicator.
汇合轨道的占用限制区域称为“警冲限”。很多铁路用轨旁警冲标来标出这种限制区域。
6. Derails are trackside devices which are used to protect train movements against unattended movement of vehicles on converging tracks. An unsafe movement is derailed before it could join the protected route.
脱轨器是轨旁设备，用于保护列车运行，防止其他车辆闯入汇合轨道，使其他车辆在非安全地驶入受保护的进路之前脱轨。
7. A Junction is an arrangement of tracks and turnouts in which a line is joined by another one.
汇接点是一种轨道和道岔的设置，在汇接点处一条线与另一条线相连。
8. Yards are arrangements of sidings used for making up trains, storing cars and trains and similar purposes.
车场是用于编组列车，存放车厢和列车，以及类似目的配线设置。
9. A typical passenger terminal consists of a group of platform tracks and some yard facilities for storing passenger cars. In large terminals there are also often service facilities for the rolling stock.
典型的客运枢纽由一组列车站台股道和一些存放客车用的车场设施组成。在大型枢纽中，一般还会有一些机车服务设施。
10. Like points, derails can be hand or power operated. On most railways, derails must not be installed in main tracks.
与道岔一样，脱轨器可以手动也可以电动操纵。在大多数铁路上，脱轨器不得安装在正线上。
1. Fixed signals indicate if a movement may enter the section of track behind the signal. On railways where train movements are strongly separated from shunting movements, there are also different kinds of signals for these kinds of movements.
固定信号机用来指示列车是否可以进入该信号机后方的轨道区段。在列车运行与调车运行严格区分的铁路线路上，对应这些运行类型也会有不同类型的信号机。
2. A signal is usually mounted on a high signal post directly beside the track it governs. If there is not sufficient space between parallel tracks to place signal posts between them, the signal heads may also be mounted on signal cantilevers or signal bridges.
信号机通常直接安装在其控制的轨旁高信号机柱上。如果并行轨道之间没有足够的空间来放置信号柱，则信号灯也可以安装在信号悬臂或信号桥上。
3. Concerning the control principle, signals may be divided three classes: controlled signals, automatic signals and Semi-automatic signals.
根据控制原理，信号机可以分为三类：受控信号机，自动信号机和半自动信号机。
4. In a territory with a fixed block system, main tracks are divided in block sections for the purpose of safe train separation. A train must generally not enter a block section until it has been cleared by the train ahead.
在采用固定闭塞系统的区段中，列车正线划分为若干闭塞区间，以确保安全列车间距。闭塞区间在被前车出清之前，通常不允许后车进入。
5. An interlocking is an arrangement of points and signals interconnected in a way that each movement follows the other in a proper and safe sequence.
联锁是道岔和信号机以某种方式互联的一种设置，使列车以适当和安全的顺序跟车运行。
6. Signaled routes for trains on main tracks are usually interlocked. The signals which govern train movements through an interlocking are called interlocking signals. An interlocking signal can also be a block signal.
正线上受信号机防护的进路是联锁的。通过联锁控制列车运行的信号机称为联锁信号机。联锁信号机也可以是一种闭塞信号机。
7. The trackage within interlocking limits is also called an “interlocking plant”. At each track which leads into interlocking limits is placed a signal that may authorize train movements.
联锁区域内的铁路线也称为“联锁对象”。在进入联锁区域的每条轨道上都放置一个可以授权列车运行的信号机。
8. Home signals which are not used for regular train movements are often dwarf signals.
进站信号机通常为矮型信号机，不用于常规的列车运行。
9. The track sections between signals inside the station limits are not referred to as block sections. In a track layout that is controlled by more than one signal box, each signal box has its own station limits.
车站限界内信号机之间的轨道区间不称为闭塞区间。在由多个信号楼控制的轨道布局中，每个信号楼都有自己的车站限界。
10. The signals which govern train movements to leave the home signal limits to the open lines are called exit signals. Interlocking signals inside of home signal limits which are neither home nor exit signals are called intermediate interlocking signals.
控制列车运行离开进站信号机限界，并进入开放线路的信号机称为出站信号机。在进站信号机限界内，既不是进站信号机又不是出站信号机的联锁信号机称为中间联锁信号机。