1. The term “interlocking” is used with meanings. Firstly, “an interlocking” is the interlocking plant where points and signals are interconnected in a way that each movement follow the other in a proper and safe sequence. Secondly, the principles to achieve a safe interconnection between points and signals are also generally called “interlocking”.
术语“联锁”具有双重含义。首先，“联锁”是联锁的对象，其中道岔和信号机以某种方式互联，使每列列车以适当和安全的次序跟随另一列车运行。其次，实现道岔和信号机之间安全互连的原理通常也称为“联锁”。
2. The route a train could use through an interlocking must meet the following conditions: All points must be set properly and locked, Conflicting routes must be locked, The track must be clear.
列车通过联锁可以使用的进路必须满足以下条件：所有道岔必须正确设置并锁闭，抵触进路必须锁闭，轨道必须出清。
3. On railways where the signals for train movements are separated from those for shunting movements (main and shunt signals), the interlocked routes for train movements are also considered separately from those for shunting movements.
在列车运行信号机与调车运行信号机（主体信号机和调车信号机）分开的铁路上，列车运行的联锁进路也认为是与调车运行的联锁进路是分开的。
4. flank protection is usually also not required for shunt routes. There are also railways, where interlocked routes are only required for train movements, while shunting movements are carried out without protection by the interlocking system.
侧冲防护通常也不是调车进路所必需的。还有一些铁路只有列车运动才需要联锁进路，而调车运行则在没有联锁系统防护的情况下进行。
5. Because the clearance of the section between the entrance and the exit signal is checked by the interlocking system, this kind of an interlocked route also directly ensures a safe train separation. Thus, there is no need to install a block system between these signals.
由于入口和出口信号机之间的区间出清由联锁系统进行检查，因此这种联锁进路也直接保证了列车的安全行车间隔。所以，不需要在这些信号机之间安装闭塞系统。
6. On some railways, an interlocked route may also be established between neighbored interlocking without intermediate block signals. That means an interlocked route is used instead of a block system to protect the block section between two interlockings.
在一些铁路上，也可以在没有中间闭塞信号机的相邻联锁之间建立联锁进路。这意味着使用联锁进路而不是闭塞系统来防护两个联锁之间的闭塞分区。
7. Although the entrance and the exit signal of such a route belong to different interlocking, they are technically controlled as if belonging to the same interlocking.
虽然这种进路的入口和出口信号机分属于不同的联锁，但是它们在技术上控制起来就好像属于同一个联锁一样。
1. In relay interlocking the full function is realized by relay circuitry without any mechanical elements. Points and signals are no longer operated by lever but by simple push buttons usually located in an illuminated track diagram. The development of all relay interlocking started in the 1920s.
继电器联锁的全部功能由继电器电路实现，无需任何机械元件。道岔和信号机不再由握柄操作，而是由通常位于站场图中简单的按钮操作。所有继电器联锁的发展始于20世纪20年代。
2. To set up a route in a system with NX operation technology the operator operates a push button at the entrance and the exit of the route. After initiating the route in that way the operation of points and the clearing of the signal is done automatically.
要在采用 NX 操作技术的系统中设置进路，值班员只需在进路的入口和出口处操作一个按钮。以这种方式初始化进路后，道岔的操作和信号的开放将自动完成。
3. A class N safety relay works with a very high level of confidence. When the current is interrupted it is basically impossible not to reach the dropped position. So no special circuits to check the proper work of the relays are required.
N 型安全继电器具有非常高的置信度。当电流中断时，继电器基本上不可能不落下。因此，不需要特殊的电路来检查继电器的正常工作。
4. Because of these circuits checking the proper work of the relays, interlocking with class C relays are more complicated. However, the relays are cheaper and smaller than class N relay.
由于这些用于检查继电器正常工作的电路，采用 C 型继电器的联锁更加复杂。但是，C 型继电器比 N 型继电器更便宜、更小巧。
5. Older relay interlocking work with a free-wired logic following the cascade or route-related locking principle. Later installations use geographical logic. In those interlocking every track element is represented by a prefabricate relay set performing predetermined functions.
旧式继电器联锁采用自由布线逻辑，遵循级联或进路相关的锁闭原理。后来的继电器联锁设置则使用站场逻辑。在那些联锁中，每个轨道单元都由执行预定功能的预制继电器组表示。
6. There are two mechanical types of relays in a circuit, namely regular relays and steel core relays.
电路中有两种机械类型的继电器，即常规继电器和钢芯继电器。
7. A regular relay consists of a coil, an electromagnet, an armature, a pole with horizontal conductive bars and a number of contacts, 6, 10 or 20 typically. The electromagnet is placed inside the coil and each end of the coiling is connected to a pin. When no current is applied to these pins, the electromagnet is demagnetized and the armature is dropped.
常规继电器由线圈、电磁铁、衔铁、带有水平导电条的磁极和多个触点（通常为 6、10 或 20 个）组成。电磁铁放置在线圈内部，线圈的每一头都连接到一个接线端子。当没有电流施加到这些端子时，电磁铁退磁，衔铁落下。
8. Steel core relays mechanically differ from regular relays in that there instead of an electromagnetic core is a core of heat-treated steel. The heat-treated steel core causes the core to remain magnetized, even when the supply of current is stopped.
钢芯继电器在机械上与常规继电器的不同之处在于，前者采用热处理后的钢芯代替电磁铁芯。经过热处理的钢芯能够保持磁化状态，即使电流断开也是如此。
9. Initially the steel core relay is magnetized. When current is applied to the demagnetizing coiling, the steel core will demagnetize and remain demagnetized until current is applied to the magnetizing coiling.
钢芯继电器在初始状态是磁化的。当电流施加到退磁卷绕时，钢芯将退磁并保持退磁状态，直到将电流施加到充磁卷绕上。
10. The difference from the regular relay to the steel core relay is thus that the state of the regular relay depends on whether current is applied or not and the state of the steel core relay depends on, to which coiling current was last applied.
因此，常规继电器和钢芯继电器的区别在于，常规继电器的状态取决于是否施加电流，而钢芯继电器的状态取决于最后施加的卷绕电流。
1. England from 1984 started to develop computer-based interlocking system, at present, as the core railway transportation safety control system, replacing the original 6502 Electric (interlocking), but with the large scale development of computer interlocking system also exposed more and more problem.
英国从1984年开始开发基于计算机的联锁系统，作为铁路运输安全控制系统的核心，目前已用于取代原来的6502电气联锁，但计算机联锁系统的大规模发展也暴露出越来越多的问题。
2. Software testing is only limited to functional testing, black box testing, and the test cannot be exhaustive range of functions.
软件测试仅限于功能测试、黑盒测试，这些测试不可能详尽无遗地包括所有的功能。
3. To ensure that rail transport leaps and bounds, give full play to the railway signal factories, engineering units, specialized construction units, electrical service maintenance units role in ensuring the basic security conditions, based on the computer-based interlocking system allows multi-level units become widely participate to achieve an open interlock devices.
为确保铁路运输跨越式发展，充分发挥在保证基本安全条件时铁路信号工厂、工程单位、专业施工单位、电务维护单位的作用，基于计算机联锁系统允许多级单位广泛参与，实现开放的联锁设备。
4. Although the possibility of dangerous output is extremely small, there cannot be downtime problems. Therefore, this year the main technological transformation and new railway lines have given priority to take two squares two systems. Two by two computer interlocking system is also taking future trends.
虽然危险输出的可能性极小，但不能出现宕机问题。因此今年的主要技术改造和新铁路线都优先采用二乘二取二系统。二乘二计算机联锁系统也正在引领未来的趋势。
5. Thus, with the Ministry of Science and continues to progress, to get rid of the relay, using fully electronic computer interlocking will be a trend.
因此，随着科技部的不断推进，摆脱继电器，采用全电子计算机联锁将是一种趋势。
6. For ease of use and maintenance, computer interlocking should move towards modular, functional direction to achieve the module line replacement, saving the system maintenance time.
为便于使用和维护，计算机联锁应向模块化、功能化方向发展，以实现模块现场更换，节省系统维护时间。
7. Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system using industrial control technology, the abolition of all 6502 relay module is in direct control of the outdoor unit switch machines, signals machines, track circuits, in a clear, comprehensive fault diagnosis and fault indication and all modules supporting hot-swappable capabilities.
全电子联锁模块化计算机系统采用工业控制技术，在直接控制的室外单元中，如转辙机、信号机、轨道电路，以及在信号出清、综合故障诊断和与故障指示和所有支持热插拔功能的模块中，全面取消了6502继电器模块。
8. Computer-aided design system refers to the user input station plan and set the necessary parameters, you can automatically generate interlock programs and data to minimize human error.
计算机辅助设计系统是指用户输入车站配线图并设置必要的参数，可以自动生成联锁程序和数据，从而最大限度地减少人为失误。